(Udmurt)

PurpV (+PurpWV2) (+PurpWV1)

PurpV: Purpose constructions are marked by a special verb form.

PurpWV2: Purpose constructions are marked by an independent word (conjunction).

PurpWV1: Purpose constructions are marked by an independent word in the main clause.

(1) kolhozńik-josturna-nymyn-i-zy.
kolkhoz_worker‑PLharvest‑INFgo‑PST‑3SG
’The kolkhoz workers went harvesting.’ (Winkler 2001: 57)

(2) mon lykt-i,medtonšumpot-o-d.
Icome‑PST.1SGletyoube_glad‑FUT‑2SG
’I came to make you happy.’ (Y. S.)

(3)montunnevaźsult-i,vańuž-jos-me
Itodayearlyget_up‑PST.1SGeverywork‑PL‑1SG.ACC
bydesty-nyponna.
finish‑INFfor
’Today I got up early so that I can finish with all of my chores.’ (Winkler 2011: 172)

(4)jurikyľ-ita-jazarńa-jegorod-e,
intentionallystay‑PST.1SGthis‑ILL.DETweek‑ILLtown‑ILL
śtoby vetly-ny “Voršud”fesťivaľ-e.
so_thatattend‑INFVorsudfestival‑ ILL
’I intentionally stayed in town this week so that I can attend the “Vorsud” festival.’ (Mynam malpanjosy 13.12.2014)

(5)köt-ydmedtyr-o-zšuysa,ńańkurtć-ono,
stomach‑2SGletfill‑FUT‑3SGthatbreadbite‑PTCP.NEC
pot-enke=nosura-mynso.
orach‑INSCOMeven_ifmix‑PTCP.PASSthat
’In order to fill your stomach you have to eat bread, even if it is mixed with orach.’ (Vakhrushev et al. 1974: 86)

(6)markar-ono,śtobymed-a-zkutskyviź-lenďegradaci-jez.
whatdo‑PTCP.NECso_thatlet‑NEG‑3SGbegin.CNG.SGmind‑GENdecay‑3SG
’What should be done to avoid mental decline.’ (Mynam malpanjosy 15.08.2015)

(7) monlykt-i(soponna),medtonšumpot-o-d(šuysa).
Icome‑PST.1SGthatforletyoube_glad‑FUT‑2SGthat
’I came to make you happy.’ (Y. S.)

In Udmurt, purpose clauses can be expressed using a non-finite verb form (1), a special mood (imperative according to the terminology of Winkler 2001 and Tarakanov 2011b, optative according to Winkler 2011) (2), the combination of a non-finite verb form and an independent word (postposition (3) or conjunction (4)), or the combination of an optative verb form and a conjunction (5)–(6). In constructions containing a finite verb an independent word in the main clause may introduce subordination (7).

Author: Erika Asztalos


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