(Udmurt)
15NCases
15NCases: The case system has 15 cases.
The case paradigm of the word gurt ‘village’
| Nominative | gurt |
|---|---|
| Accusative | gurt-ez |
| Genitive | gurt-len |
| Ablative | gurt-leś |
| Dative | gurt-ly |
| Abessive | gurt-tek |
| Adverbial | gurt-ja |
| Instrumental-comitative | gurt-en |
| Approximative | gurt-lań |
| Inessive | gurt-yn |
| Illative | gurt-e |
| Elative | gurt-yś |
| Transitive | gurt-eti |
| Terminative | gurt-oź |
| Egressive | gurt-yśen |
The Udmurt literary language has 15 nominal cases (Csúcs 1990: 34, Winkler 2001: 16, Alasheeva 2011: 33).
Nouns denoting animate entities are typically used only in nominative, accusative, genitive, ablative, dative, abessive, adverbial, instrumental (Perevoshchikov et al. 1962: 86, Winkler 2001: 16) and approximative case (Csúcs 1990: 37, Alasheeva 2011: 34–35).
The number of case forms used in the dialects may diverge from the number of cases in the literary language: in most of the peripheral southern dialects and some of the northern ones the number of cases is 12–13 (Kelmakov 2006: 117), in other northern dialects and Beserman it is 21 (Kelmakov 2006: 118).
Author: Erika Asztalos