(Meadow Mari)
SAPossPVtype
SAPossPVtype: The construction is of the possessive–accusative type. The verb becomes a noun, with S and A treated as its possessors and P retaining its accusative position.
| (1) | məj | pisma-m | voz-em. |
|---|
| I | letter‑ACC | write‑1SG |
| ‘I’m writing a letter.’ (T. E.) |
| (2) | məj-ən | pisma-m | vozə-m-em | šuko | žap-əm | nal-eš. |
|---|
| I‑GEN | letter‑ACC | write‑PTCP.PASS‑1SG | much | time‑ACC | take‑3SG |
| ’Writing a letter takes a lot of time for me.’ (T. E.) |
| (3) | məj | marij | ul-m-em-əm | paša-m | goč | ončəkt-em. |
|---|
| I | mari | be‑PTCP.PASS‑1SG‑ACC | work‑1SG | by | show‑1SG |
| ‘I express my Mariness via my work.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
| (4) | ümər-em | mučko | taza | iləš_jüla-m | šuktə-m-em, | |
|---|
| life‑1SG | through | healthy | life_habit‑ACC | lead‑PTCP.PASS‑1SG, | |
| sport | dene | kəl-əm | kučə-m-em | sar-əšte | |
| sport | with | connection‑ACC | maintain‑PTCP.PASS‑1SG | war‑INE | |
| nele_jösə-m | čət-en | lekt-aš | da | kəzət | |
| hardship_trials‑ACC | bear‑CVB | leave‑INF | and | now | |
| təgaj | ijgot | marte | il-aš | polš-en-ət, | šon-em. |
| such | age | until | live‑INF | help‑PST2‑3PL, | think‑1SG |
| ‘I think that my healthy lifestyle and regular engagement in sports have contributed to my survival of the difficulties during the war and living such a long life.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
| (5) | teve | tače | tud-ən | təršə-mə-že | aram | lij-ən | o-g-əl. |
|---|
| well | today | (s)he‑GEN | be_eager‑PTCP.PASS‑3SG | pointless | will_be‑PST2.CNG | NEG‑3SG‑be |
| ‘You see, his/her efforts haven’t been futile today.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
| (6) | no | ńi | jurij | jerofejev-ən | marij | mer | kaŋaš-əm | petər-aš |
|---|
| but | nor | Yuriy | Yerofeyev‑GEN | Mari | World | Council‑ACC | close‑INF |
| kül-mö | nergen | serə-mə-že, | ńi | odo | mari |
| must‑PTCP.PASS | about | write‑PTCP.PASS‑3SG | nor | udmurt | mari |
| ušem | vujlatəše | anatolij | radəgin-ən | obraščenij | |
| alliance | boss | Anatoliy | Radegin‑GEN | petition |
| man-mə-že, | ńi | mer | kaŋaš | jeŋ | sergej | |
| say‑PTCP.PASS‑3SG | nor | World | Council | man | Sergey | |
| ńikitin-ən | azaplanə-mə-ž | pogən-ən | radam-ž-əm | | |
| Nikitin‑GEN | worry‑PTCP.PASS‑3SG | meeting‑GEN | order‑3SG‑ACC |
| puž-en | o-g-əl. |
| disturb‑PST2.3SG | NEG‑3SG‑be |
| ‘The order of the meeting was not disturbed by Yuriy Yerofeyev’s writings on the necessity for the dissolution of the Mari World Council, the petition submitted by Anatoliy Radogin, leader of the Association of the Mari in Udmurtia, or the worries of Sergey Nikitin, member of the Mari World Council.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
Meadow Mari uses the passive participle form of the verb (-mE) in its action nominal constructions. The passive participle of action nominals can take possessive person markers and can function either as a subject (2), (4), (5)–(6), or an object (3). S (3), (5)–(6) and A (2), (4), (6) have a possessive form, irrespective of whether they are pronominal (2), (5) or nominal (6) subjects, whereas P retains its accusative (-m) form characterizing objects (2), (4). In such cases, however, accusative marking is not obligatory due to the non-finite verb form (6). Pronominal subjects of action nominals are also optional (3)–(4).
Author: Bogáta Timár
[🠐 back]
