(Meadow Mari)
NegV / VNeg
NegV: The negative morpheme precedes the verb.
VNeg: The negative morpheme follows the verb.
| (1) | o-m | tol |
|---|
| NEG‑1SG | come.CNG |
| ’I’m not coming’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 115) |
| (2) | šə-m | tol |
|---|
| NEG.PST1‑1SG | come.CNG |
| ’I did not come’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 116) |
| (3) | tol-ən | o-m-əl |
|---|
| come‑CVB | NEG‑1SG‑be |
| ’I did not come’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 116) |
| (4) | o-m | tol | əl-e |
|---|
| NEG‑1SG | come.CNG | be.PST1‑3SG |
| ’I did not come’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 117) |
| (5) | o-m | tol | ul-maš |
|---|
| NEG‑1SG | come.CNG | be‑NMLZ |
| ’I did not come’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 117) |
| (6) | tol-ən | o-m-əl | əl-e |
|---|
| come‑CVB | NEG‑1SG‑be | be.PST1‑3SG |
| ’I did not come’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 117) |
| (7) | tol-ən | o-m-əl | ul-maš |
|---|
| come‑CVB | NEG‑1SG‑be | be‑NMLZ |
| ’I did not come’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 117) |
| (8) | i-t | tol! |
|---|
| NEG.IMP‑2SG | come.CNG |
| ’Don’t come!’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 129) |
| (9) | ə-ne-m | tol |
|---|
| NEG‑DES‑1SG | come.CNG |
| ’I’d rather not come’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 127) |
In Meadow Mari, the negative morpheme (NEG) precedes the verb in present tense, the 1st, 3rd and 4th past tenses (2), (4)─(5), negative imperatives (8) and desideratives (9). The negative morpheme (diachronically a negative existential verb) follows the verb in the 2nd (non-witness) past tense (3) and the 5th and 6th past tenses (6)─(7).
Author: Bogáta Timár
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