(Meadow Mari)
NoXDWO
NoXDWO: There is no dominant word order of nominal adverbials.
| (1) | lüd-ən | lüd-ən | məj | viča-šte | kaza | šör-əm | lüšt-əš-əm. |
|---|
| fear‑CVB | fear‑CVB | I | stable‑INE | goat | milk‑ACC | milk‑PST1‑1SG |
| ’I was milking the goat in the stable, very afraid.’ (Jorga Kače: Kurort) |
| (2) | no | ala_mənjar | uškal-əm | kup-əšto | jomdar-əš-əm. |
|---|
| but | some | cow‑ACC | marsh‑INE | lose‑PST1‑1SG |
| ’But I lost some cows in the marsh.’ (Jorga Kače: Kurort) |
| (3) | baškortostan-əšte | sent’abr-əšte | „lüd-dəmö | sela” | projekt | start-əm | nal-eš. |
|---|
| Bashkiria‑INE | september‑INE | fear‑PTCP.NEG | village | project | begin‑ACC | takes‑3SG |
| ’In Bashkiria the “Fearless Village” project will commence in September. (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
| (4) | šočmo | ver | liričeskij | geroj-əm | narənčalge | visvis | dene | vašlij-eš |
|---|
| born | place | lyrical | hero‑ACC | yellow | camomile | with | greet‑3SG |
| ’His/Her birthplace greets the lyrical hero with yellow camomile.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
| (5) | kulak-vlak | dene | pərlja | tud=at | mlandə-m | nal-eš. |
|---|
| kulak‑PL | with | together | (s)he=also | land‑ACC | buy‑3SG |
| ’(S)he buys land together with the Kulaks.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
| (6) | sandene | kažne | gana | təške | türlö | ver | gəč | jatər | una-m | vuč-at. |
|---|
| for_this | every | occasion | here | different | place | from | abundant | guest‑ACC | wait‑3PL |
| ’For this reason they expect a large number of guests from different places every time.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
| (7) | tem-aš | joškar | mešak-əm | ok | lij | ške | vij | dene. |
|---|
| fill‑INF | red | sack‑ACC | NEG.3SG | be.CNG | own | power | with |
| ‘It is forbidden to fill the red sack on your own.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) |
In Meadow Mari, a 50-sentence sample containing a nominal object and a nominal adverbial of place, source, purpose, instrument, accompaniment or recipient in Udmurt, has 42% of the data in an XOV order (1), (3), (5), (6), 38% have OXV order (2), (4), and 7% are OVX (7). Based on this, in Meadow Mari the word order of nominal adverbials is XOV or OXV, neither can be identified as the dominant order.
Author: Bogáta Timár
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